Editorial Note

Africa, among other continents, is expected to have been transformed from its description as givers or producers of raw materials by the colonial imperialists, who scrambled for the survival of their countries after the Second World War. To be specific, Africa has been a solid yielding ground for the industrialization of what is today known as Europe and the West through her natural resources, yet it has remained largely impoverished and most backward among the continents in the global system. The continent's inability to effectively harness its resources for sustainable development is multifaceted, ranging from the despotic influence of the colonial imperialists in the management of Africa's resources, the nefarious activities of successive African leaders, who ascend power after colonialism, and the spoilt systemic political structure bequeathed to Africa by the colonial government to incessant military interventions in African politics. Research on why Africa is still very poor, despite its massive endowment of resources, has either blamed colonialism or the activities of successive African governments, including both the military and civilian governments.