Economic Partnership Agreements between African-Caribbean-Pacific countries and the European Union: revisiting contested issues

Efforts to conclude Economic Partnership Agreements between African-Caribbean-Pacific countries and European Union drag on. The former prefers the Agreements as cooperation agreements, promoting development, whereas the latter prefers them strictly as trade regimes. Contested issues include the Agreements? scope and replacement of non-reciprocity of preferences with reciprocity of preferences. Africans doubted the relevance of the reciprocity principle to development but now succumb to pressures, signing the Agreements. This paper debates current developments in the Agreements, hoping that cautiousness prevails in making commitments. It suggests an alternation of trade benefits between the Agreement partners, based on economic outlooks.