Education and the Economy: Achievements and Shortfalls in Independent Zambia, 1964–2014

This article explores achievements and shortfalls in the development of national educational policy in Zambia since independence, with a focus on the relationship between education and employment, as part of the economic planning process. It draws on primary and secondary research related to national school enrolments, academic progression and educational finance, as well as contemporary trends in labour force participation. I argue that while the formulation of education policy and its implementation since independence have demonstrated deeper awareness of and commitment to expanding educational access and quality, Zambia's education system has yet to utilise educational policy directly and more effectively to strengthen linkages between schooling and employment. This phenomenon is observed particularly in the formal employment sector. Ultimately, transformative educational and economic opportunities for the majority of Zambians are unlikely in the absence of more targeted initiatives to address issues of educational attainment after basic education, as well as formal employment opportunities beyond the public sphere.