Examining Migration Leverage and Coercion between Sending and Host Countries and their Success and Failure: The Global Perspective

The paper examines the international relations on migration leverage and coercion between sending and host countries and their success and failure. It uses the global perspective theorists which rate migration politics 'low' rather than 'high'. The study adopts a systematic literature review (SLR), which includes relevant peer-reviewed journals and magazines related to the study selected for the write-up. Nowadays, with the advent of technology, the rise in tourism, and globalisation, migration politics between nations are on the rise. Regarding bilateral agreements, they are 'cemented' between states to avoid rows and frosty relationships. In instances where, bilateral disagreement occurs, host nations adopt measures such as border tightening, stringent visa control, strict border policing, and a restriction policy for sending migrants. If demands are not met under the restriction and deterrence policies, remittances sanction into the origin country are adopted, or in some cases, both (restriction and remittances sanction). Further resistance from sending nations leads to deportation or expulsion measures from the host country, which is detrimental to sending states. Roadblocks, harassment, violence, and raids on migrants' homes and workplaces are among the tactics employed. However, it was revealed that the success or failure of migration diplomacies and politics depend on the vulnerability and sensitivity of the state. Nations that are vulnerable might comply with the host nation's demand, but those that are sensitive and have close ties with other states for assistance in times of difficulty usually resist. The study identifies that both weak and strong nations leverage and coerce other states depending on their location, economic power, and type of governance. It is therefore recommended that nations, irrespective of being weak and strong states, must unite to form strong forces instead of 'fighting' each other to uplift the standard of living of their citizens. The study further recommends empirical studies to juxtapose the findings that the paper identifies under this research.