The thirteenth and fourteenth century Kings of Mali

The three most important Arabic sources for the Empire of Mali at its height are Ibn Fadl-Allah al-‘Umari, Ibn-Baxs1E6Dxs1E6Düxs1E6Da, and Ibn-Khaldun. These authors all had good opportunities to collect information on this remote empire. Al-‘Umari, who wrote in 1342–9, reflects the impression that Mansä Müsa had left in Cairo during his pilgrimage. In all probability, he had not himself met Mansa Musa in person, but he had talked with people who had met the Sudanese emperor. One of his most important informants was ash-shaykh Abu-sa'id ‘Uthman ad-Dukkali, who had lived in Mali for thirty-five years. Ibn-Baxs1E6Dxs1E6Duxs1E6Da recorded his own tour through Mali from February 1352 to December 1353. This account by such an experienced traveller is a first-rate historical document. Ibn Baxs1E6Dxs1E6Duxs1E6Da was travelling in a region that was well known to his own countrymen; indeed he met Moroccans all over the Sudan. He was, therefore, inhibited from exaggerating or introducing incredible stories of the sort that often occur in his accounts of remoter Countries.