Hydrogeologic framework of the shallow aquifers in the Ikom–Mamfe Embayment, Nigeria using an integrated approach

A detailed hydrogeological investigation was carried out in the Ikom–Mamfe Embayment of Nigeria using lineaments, geological, geoelectrical, and hydraulic parameters. The objective was to assess aquifer framework and resource potential of the area. The study was carried out because the aquifers are of particular importance as they are more or less the only source of water supply available for the rural population. In addition, expanding communities will trigger increase in water demand that will translate to more dependence on groundwater. The study identified four major hydrostratigraphic units: Mamfe (oldest), Ezillo, Amaseri and intrusives (youngest). A comprehensive investigation of the basin revealed its lateral and vertical dimensions and hydrogeological characteristics. Moreover, study of lineaments, aquifer parameters, water level fluctuations confirmed the heterogeneity of the aquifers and their potentials to rural water supply. Water rock interactions, mainly silicate weathering, explain the groundwater compositions which are Ca–HCO3, Ca–HCO3–Cl and Ca–Na–HCO3. The water quality is good for domestic and agricultural uses. However, in terms of vulnerability of the aquifers to pollution, 80% of the Ikom–Mamfe Embayment has been classified as medium to high vulnerability.